Canine kidney stones

Question
Our dog has been experiencing frequent and sometimes bloody urination.  A vet recently told us he has either a kidney infection or kidney stones.  Antibiotics didn't cure the problem, so we think he probably has kidney stones. What can be economically done for canine kidney stones?  Thank you.

Answer
Phil,
   I am forwarding a listed description and information pertaining to kidney stones in dogs. I hope that will be able to provide you with the answers you are in search of. I would be more than happy to provide you additional information or help with any other concerns you may have as to this condition. Feel free to get back to me.
                                            Jodi
 

  Nephrolithiasis is the condition marked by the presence of renal calculi or kidney stones.

One function of the urinary system is the removal of body wastes in liquid form. Some mineral wastes are only slightly soluble and may form crystals. If the transit time of crystal movement through the urinary system is prolonged, crystals may interact and grow into stones.

Causes

Several types of stones can affect cats and dogs. Each type of stone is often associated with its own specific cause. General causes include:


 Underlying urinary tract infections or infection within the kidney

 Genetic defects

 Dietary factors or supplements

 Administration of certain medications

 Concurrent or underlying conditions or illness

Overall, kidney stones are slightly more common in the female dog and are generally seen in the middle-aged animal, although they can be seen in any age. There are different breed predilections for each type of calculi, and in the dog, although any breed can be affected; there is a predilection for the miniature Schnauzer, miniature Poodle, Yorkshire terrier, Lhasa apso, Shih Tzu, Bichon and Cocker Spaniel.

Urine retention and the formation of concentrated urine may predispose to calculi.

What to Watch For


 Bloody urination

 Abdominal pain

 Recurrent urinary tract infections

 Vomiting

Clinical signs depend on the exact location, size, shape and number of kidney stones. Affected individuals may have no clinical signs. Other signs such as painful urination or frequent urination may be seen in patients who have a concurrent lower urinary tract infection. Some patients may be extremely ill if they have associated kidney failure or severe infection.

Diagnosis


 Complete blood count (CBC)

 Biochemical profile

 Urinalysis

 Bacterial urine culture

 Radiographs (X-rays)

 Abdominal ultrasound or excretory urography

Treatment


 Depending on the patient, recommended treatment options may vary.


 Inactive nephroliths may only require periodic monitoring.


 If the stones are an incidental finding or the pet is not having severe clinical signs, medical and/or dietary dissolution may be attempted. It is important for both you and your veterinarian to monitor your pet very closely during this period, as it is possible that not all stones can or will dissolve.


 If the patient is in kidney failure or is having severe clinical signs associated with the presence of the stones, their removal, either surgical or by lithotripsy, would be recommended.


 Antibiotic therapy is indicated in those patients with concurrent urinary tract infections.


 Fluid therapy is indicated in those patients who are dehydrated, have severe infections, or have concurrent kidney failure.

Home Care

If your pet is on a stone dissolving diet, complete compliance is necessary. NO snacks or other diets are permitted, as these may negate the beneficial effects of the special diet. Administer all medication and return for follow-up as directed by your veterinarian.

If your pet is being treated for nephrolithiasis and suddenly seems ill, contact your veterinarian at once.

Preventative Care

Eliminating urinary tract infections may help prevent nephrolithiasis. Treating and controlling underlying disorders may help prevent recurrence of stones.