Just like their human counterparts, dogs and cats have a functioning endocrine system which regulates the body's hormones. These hormones are produced in different glands throughout your pet's body. When one of these glands begins to function improperly, it can cause a variety of problems. One of the most common endocrine problems among pets is a thyroid deficiency, also known as hypothyroidism.
What is a Thyroid Deficiency?
When a pet has a thyroid deficiency, it means their thyroid gland isn't producing enough thyroid hormones, more specifically, T3 and T4. These thyroid hormones help to regulate your pet's energy levels and metabolism, and are necessary to function at a normal energy level. While the condition is seldom life-threatening, it can present with some uncomfortable symptoms in your dog.
What are the Symptoms of Hypothyroidism?
There are a variety of symptoms associated with hypothyroidism. Many of them are rather vague, but when they present with some of the other symptoms of thyroid deficiency, they are easily distinguished as being caused by an underactive thyroid gland. The most common symptom associated with a thyroid deficiency is unexplained weight gain. Other symptoms include:
1. Mental fogginess
2. Lethargy
3. Flaking, oily skin
4. Hair loss
5. Cold intolerance
6. Infertility (rare)
7. Weakness
8. Poor Hair Growth
Your veterinarian will need to diagnose hypothyroidism by performing a physical and medical history. In most dogs, a thyroid deficiency will present between the ages of 4 and 7. Your veterinarian will likely perform blood tests and endocrine tests to determine if the T3 and T4 levels are low, as well as rule out other conditions such as cancer or an iodine deficiency.
What Causes a Thyroid Deficiency?
In many cases, the causes for a thyroid deficiency are unknown. Some dogs are more likely than others to develop thyroid problems. Medium to large breed dogs are more likely to suffer from hypothyroidism, and dogs who are spayed or neutered are at a higher risk as well. In some dogs, the thyroid deficiency is caused by an iodine deficiency, cancer, or other illness or treatment which may affect the thyroid. Some dogs may exhibit symptoms of a thyroid deficiency as a result of a congenital condition.
How is a Thyroid Deficiency Treated?
Treatment usually requires hormone replacement therapy. Synthetic hormones are typically administered, and a low-fat diet will be given. Your pet may need regular blood tests done to determine the effectiveness of medication and dosages adjusted. Most dogs respond very well to hormone replacement therapy for a thyroid deficiency, and most will begin to see an improvement in symptoms within a few weeks, with most dogs exhibiting no more symptoms after four months of treatment. It is important to continue administering the exact dose your veterinarian recommends without adjusting it yourself. Be careful with administering any herbal supplements or medications, as they may adversely affect your pet's medication.
Treating a thyroid deficiency in your dog requires a lifelong commitment. However with proper treatment your dog can still live a perfectly full and active life.
