How to Care for Saltwater Fish

How to Care for Saltwater Fish. So you saw "Finding Nemo" and you want to own him, or you're sick of guppies and tetras and you want to take care of the much brighter, arguably more interesting looking saltwater fish. Fair enough. Please bear in mind that if starting a salt-water aquarium from scratch, you need to wait at least a month before adding any fish so that the water conditions are appropriate for the fish. Otherwise it will die very quickly.

Things Needed

• Glass or acrylic tank, at least 10 gallons
• Aquarium stand
• Aquarium salt
• 5-gallon bucket or two
• Distilled water
• Excellent filtration system
• Adjustable lighting
• Thermometer
• Heater
• Cultivated or live rock
• Sand
• Protein skimmer
• Testing kit
• Fish food--ask pet store which is recommended for what fish

Step 1

Set up your new aquarium (10 gallons is the recommended minimal size for salt-water fish) on a steady aquarium stand, with proper filtration. I recommend the Nanocube, Biocube--most "cube" systems are ideal as they contain most of the necessary components, although they are made of glass and glass, while clearer than acrylic, is heavier, so apartment dwellers take note. Add your protein skimmer on top and a few inches of sand for the bottom. Mix in the recommended aquarium salt with your distilled water and add it to the tank and let it settle overnight.

Step 2

Add live or cultivated rock. Your aquarium needs to go through what is called a nitrogen cycle, during which the ammonia, nitrates and nitrites in your tank stabilize and beneficial bacteria grow. Adding live or cultivated rock to your saltwater aquarium not only provides your future fish good places to hide and required planting spots for any anemones or corals you may wish to add to set up a reef, but also speeds up this cycle. Try to find a local fish store that specialized in saltwater fish--they will have the best selection of what you need--and get as many as recommended for the size of your tank. Don't worry if the rocks take up a lot of space in the tank, they are going to be your fish's actual home. Your recommended temperature is 78-82 degrees Fahrenheit, and up to 85 if you will have a reef.

Step 3

Test your water every few days for PH, nitrates, ammonia and nitrites. For saltwater tanks, the PH should be about 7.6 to 8--and more if you plan on adding a reef--and with all tanks, the rest are supposed to be 0. The higher the nitrates and ammonia are, the less likely the fish are to survive. If the PH is too high or too low, you can buy PH adjusters in pet stores. If anything else is too high, you'll have to do a water change. You will find yourself doing water changes several times over the course of a month until everything is stabilized.

Step 4

Add fish. After a month, the tank should be cycled and you can start to add fish. But add them slowly--every new fish introduced to your aquarium will produce waste (ammonia) and it can overwhelm the tank if you add too many of them. For starters, get a "cleaning crew"--a couple of hermit crabs and a snail, perhaps--they will eat the algae in your tank, so they're very low maintenance. Ask your local pet store what fish are ideal for your size of a tank.

Step 5

Continue testing the water once a week or once every two weeks--if nitrates, nitrites or ammonia is too high, carry out a 20 to 30 percent water change.

Warnings

• Every fish has its own advantages and disadvantages and various hereditary diseases, and you also want to ensure they will get along with other breeds.
• Once every few months, clean out your filter but wash it in tank water in a bucket to ensure you're not killing off the beneficial bacteria.
• If your temperature gets too hot no matter what, keep the lid partially open and aim a fan at the surface. It's not ideal, but it works.
• When introducing fish to your tank, float them in their plastic bags full of water from the store inside your tank for up to 40 minutes, adding a bit of your tank water to the bag every 10 or so minutes. This allows the fish to get used to the temperature, because drastic temperature changes can kill a fish. When the bag is almost full, use your net and scoop up the fish and put him in your tank. Do not allow the pet store water to touch your own--it may be contaminated.
• Minimize algae growth, but don't eliminated it all together--many fish and sea animals need it for food.

Warnings

• Local pet stores are much preferred, are often cheaper, are usually always more knowledgeable and helpful and tend to offer discounts if you become a loyal customer.
• Don't overcrowd your tank--the norm used to be "one inch of fish per gallon" but remember, you have other things in the tank beside water that are taking up space.
• Don't over-feed your fish.
• Avoid tank decorations--the more space the fish have, the happier they'll be and the less frequently you'll need to change the water.