Cyanosis most often occurs as the result of inadequate amounts of oxygenated hemoglobin -- the molecule which carries oxygen to the body tissues -- or due to hemoglobin abnormalities. This medical condition is characterized by blue colored skin and mucous membranes.
Unfortunately, cats that are suffering from cyanosis caused by advanced lung/airway disease and severe heart disease have a poor long-term prognosis.
Originating in the Respiratory System
Originating in the Cardiovascular System
Originating in the Neuromusculoskeletal System
Methemoglobinemia
Your veterinarian will first stabilize your cat's oxygen levels. This is usually done in the ICU (intensive care unit) in a specially equipped oxygen cage. Once your cat is stable, your veterinarian will be able to perform a full physical exam.
A blood chemical profile, complete blood count, urinalysis, electrocardiograph (EKG), thoracic radiographs (and echocardiogram with Doppler, if heart or lung disease is suspected), and an electrolyte panel should be ordered to determine the underlying cause of the disease that is causing cyanosis.
A laryngoscopic (voice box) and/or bronchoscopic (lung airway) exam should be given. If bronchopulmonary (lung disease) disease is suspected, a transtracheal wash, a bronchoalveolar lavage or fine-needle lung aspirate may be performed. For pleural space disorders, a thoracocentesis (a procedure which removes fluid from the chest cavity) will be required.
Methemoglobinemia is a condition that can be measured; one of the most obvious indications is that the color of the blood will be darker than the bright red it is supposed to be. Arterial blood can be taken so that a blood gas analysis can be performed at the laboratory. Your cat's breathing patterns will also give your veterinarian a clue as to the origin of the cyanosis.
Your cat will need to be kept stabilized by giving it oxygen. Depending on what underlying illness is causing the cyanosis, drugs may be prescribed to treat the condition, or surgery and/or further therapy ordered.
You will need to restrict your cat's activity during treatment and possibly after. A low-salt diet can be put in place if your veterinarian determines that heart disease is involved. You should also check your cat's gums for normal color, making sure they are a healthy pink or reddish color. If your cat's gums are purple or white, you should take it immediately to the veterinary hospital for emergency treatment.
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