If youread the science fiction film hybrid ?In the movie some fragments will let you feel with one ?Actually this kind of half man half beast creature already from science fiction to reality .
The Soviet Union in Africa secret research out of the &ldquo &rdquo ,the United States of America ;orcs ;some scientists secretly made a lot of experimental biological products ,such as flowing inside human blood of pigs ,a person brain cells of mice .
In July 23rd the British Daily Mail exposure a secret about the British has conducted 3 years of legitimate &ldquo ;hybrid &rdquo ;embryo research news ,again in the community has aroused strong repercussions .
In August 26th, used to study &ldquo ;ear rat &rdquo ;medical doctor Cao Yilin also publicly again only after repeated verification of the &ldquo ;ear rat &rdquo ;his academic fraud ,that No .
&ldquo ;hybrid &rdquo ;exactly what? What is it right? Be open and aboveboard scientific research? Whether this will lead to the degeneration of species ?Despite strong opposition, the &ldquo &rdquo ;scientific research ;continues moving forward .
Legalization ?In 2008 Britain promulgated the human fertilization and Embryology bill in 1974 in Prague ,a young geneticists Jiri · ;Fret in his works for the Czechoslovakia Academy of Sciences ,on two mouse subspecies hybrid breeding ,parental gene to achieve a certain combination after the birth of the male offspring ,there is no reproductive ability .
He further hybridization experiments show :have an identified genetic differences ,at least to some extent caused by a &ldquo ;reproductive isolation &rdquo ;.The turn of the new century ,an evolutionary biologist at the University of Oxford Chris · ;Ponting also in search of &ldquo ;the humans to become the one and only gene &rdquo ;,found an evolutionary very fast gene &mdash ;&mdash ;&mdash ;Prdm9 .
He thinks that it is the gene for human cells eventually grew into a man ,but not for the other species .Perhaps it is this finding ,that the British government finally in 2008 promulgated the human fertilization and Embryology Act .
Because people have believed, not any of the two species are combined together ,can produce a new species . The human fertilization and Embryology bill a certain extent opening &ldquo ;hybrid &rdquo ;research .
It not only makes a variety of hybrid species legalization ,also give the king ,University of Newcastle and University of Warwick, 3 research institutes related rights .In this code, referred to and open three &ldquo ;hybrid &rdquo method .
The first is called &ldquo &rdquo ;hybridization ;,require the use of an animal sperm to another animal of the fertilized eggs, fertilized eggs in two kinds of biological gene almost half of each .
This approach is the highest degree of hybridization ,operating on the most difficult ;the second is called a &ldquo ;&rdquo or &ldquo ;chimera ;,chimera &rdquo ;.Chimera is a Greek myth ,sheep lion head ,tail of the animal, and this method is a kind of animal embryonic cells, and another animal embryonic cells together, this method of human and animal DNA may not be mixed together, but the theory they may generate the monster beast ;third definitions by scientists as a &ldquo ;cytoplasmic hybrid &rdquo ;.
First from animal eggs out of the nucleus, and the nucleus transplantation in, to replace the original nucleus .Because most of the genetic material are hidden in the nucleus ,so &ldquo ;cytoplasmic hybrid &rdquo ;the generated embryos ,99.
9% genetic code from the people .In this act ,the British government allowed only third &ldquo ;cytoplasmic hybrid &rdquo ;legal .2004 open hybrid success case .Scientists make pigs flowing human blood caused panic ?More than 150 &ldquo ;&rdquo hybrid embryos were exposed ;according to the Daily Mail the current figure ,the UK several laboratories over the past 3 years ,has been in secret hybrid embryos of experiment ,and has created more than 150 contains both human and animal genetic hybrid embryo .
These experiments are in a human fertilization and Embryology bill after the promulgation of the implementation ,which is &ldquo ;legitimate &rdquo ;.News, immediately aroused widespread concern ,ralph lauren,the whole world is excited .
Those who said ,this is one kind of the progress of the times ,is conducive to human genetics leap .Opponents call ,this is undoubtedly a violation of ethics and morality, is a kind of human self destructive behavior .
Some scientists believe ,human and animal chimera &mdash ;&mdash ;&mdash ;human cells contain animal ,sounds like a nightmare .If you can imagine a long head frog ,mercurial vapor,said people in the monkey,air jordan, and long thumb dog ,you can understand why they would be for such cross-species experiment stop .
The British charity &ldquo ;reproductive ethics review &rdquo ;Josephine · ;Quintavalle ,many scientists are &ldquo ;in order to experiment and experiment &rdquo ;,it did not keep the correct scientific attitude .
&ldquo ;if what they do is be open and aboveboard thing ,would not let us through parliamentary inquiry way ,didn .&rdquo ;British Academy of Medical Sciences has issued a warning: &ldquo ;if no scientists implementation of moral restraint, the earth may be turned into planet of the apes .
&rdquo ;in the British Parliament about the inquiry ,Lord Arden by Senator :hybrid stem cell embryo experimentation is &ldquo ;intolerable &rdquo ;.Reasonable hardship ?&ldquo orcs ;&rdquo ;is a species retrogression according to Russia Komsomolskaya Pravda disclosed ,lancel,the 20 ,the former Soviet Union Iria · ;Dr.
Ivanov worked in Africa secret human and ape hybridization experiments ,employing the semen to a gorilla .He did find suitable gorilla and is willing to cooperate with the experiments on volunteers ,allegedly tests eventually developed a &ldquo ;&rdquo ,sac lancel,&ldquo orcs ;only the orcs ;&rdquo ;life is very short ,had a similar AIDS disease .
But the final because he was imprisoned and interrupt .So some people think that human and animal ,the essential difference is ,humans have continued to create value and infinite capacity for wisdom ,mercurial,man is the master of this world ,is the world highest biomass ;animal just to survive while foraging and breeding ,is the earth creatures in the low life .
When the human and animal to multiply ,the end result will be the human to lower animal degradation process ,while the animal but to higher species rapid evolutionary process .But many scientists recognized this approach .
&ldquo ;do these experiments is to gain a better understanding of early human development ,supra,and Study on the treatment of serious disease methods .&rdquo ;the UK Medical Research Council Robin Lowell · ;· ;&ldquo ;Bucky professor said, as a scientist ,burberry,I feel a moral and responsibility to conduct such research ,as long as we like, always do the control right .
We should be proud of .&rdquo ;however ,louboutin,he also called on the British law allows the top two animal embryo experiments must be conducted under strict control .Biologist Justin · ;Sanjohn thinks ,this kind of experiment the moral argument often allow the public to see its potential benefits .
He thinks ,&ldquo ;not do experiments to search for the cure of these novel therapies ,abercrombie,for scientists ,it is immoral .&rdquo ;it can cure disease? Embryonic stem cells can be extracted &ldquo ;&rdquo ;cure for mass and opponents understood ,British scientists and HFEA group has been trying to .
They collected from academia ,government ,animal welfare groups views ,and conducted an independent investigation .Investigation shows ,as long as the experiment may contribute to medical development ,and will be widely used ,people will be supportive .
But the scientists involved in the investigation Bobrow that ,there are 3 areas that need special attention: &ldquo ;once the study involving the brain ,germ cells ,as well as some human traits ,such as skin ,face and language ,it will cause concern even panic .
&rdquo ;Bobrow the government should set up specialized agencies ,responsible for the supervision ,and the animal experimental department together ,the sensitive field monitoring .At present, scientists confirmed that ,in this experiment is designed to extract &ldquo ;embryonic stem cells ,and this &rdquo ;embryonic stem cells can be used for research and treatment of a variety of human diseases by distress ,they believe that this area has a bright future .
;2003 of human and animal hybrid success case .Scientists will human stem cells into rabbit eggs in many experiments ,they will human cell engraftment into bovine oocytes ,until the formation of the embryonic stem cell research after the acquisition ,the treatment of diabetes and spinal cord paralysis disease new method ;they also hope to use bovine hybrid embryos ,study of treatment like Parkinson Alzheimer and Alzheimer and other neuronal degeneration diseases ;embryonic stem cells was confirmed to be able to awaken the somatic cell nucleus &ldquo ;potential of &rdquo ;in some patients ,may help in repairing injured spinal cord, corneal ,brain areas ,it is this amazing sex, make egg cells as therapeutic cloning techniques in the study of valuable resources .
The UK Medical Research Council for stem cell biology and gene Robin of director of center of development makes all the right calls on · ;not even against brain cell exchange .He thinks to the brains of the rats injected human brain cells ,may be able to find new stroke therapies ,whereas in mice to generate human skin can also know more about skin cancer is how a matter .
China is also in the study ?The first man beast hybrid embryos derived from Chinese actually &ldquo ;hybrid &rdquo ;the first successful cases and not in the UK ,but &ldquo &rdquo ;made in china ;.
The famous life ethics expert ,the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences researcher Qiu said in philosophy ,British scientists proposed the plan before, Chinese scientists have successfully conducted similar experiments .
Professor Sheng Huizhen of Shanghai Second Medical University and Beijing researcher Chen Dayuan ,2003 succeeded in human somatic cell nuclear transfer to the New Zealand rabbit nucleus has been removed egg cells,polo ralph lauren, creating one rabbit hybrid embryos ,and the extraction of embryonic stem cells ,this is human history was publicly admitted the first successful human and animal breeding hybrid embryo .
In the early 50 to the &ldquo ;cytoplasmic hybrid &rdquo ;.The famous scientist Tong Dizhou in order to study fish embryonic development ,the crucian carp DNA within the nucleus is extracted, injected into the nucleus in goldfish eggs removed ,success .
However, this technique when applied to humans ,encountered very great resistance, cannot continue .In 1996 the &ldquo create a great sensation ;ear rat &rdquo ;,also by the Harvard University School of medicine in postdoctoral research Cao Yilin in Vacanti main participants completed laboratory .
Cao Yilin returned in the Ninth People ,he was earlier former research partner real-name reporting &ldquo ;ear rat &rdquo ;technology academic fraud ,mercurial vapor,defrauding the state 300000000 Yuan of funds for scientific research .
In August 26th this year ,Cao Yilin in particular discloses only after repeated verification of the &ldquo ;ear rat &rdquo ;sample and the latest expert conclusions ,that their academic without fraud .
Supervision difficulties ?Only a few countries have special regulatory agencies all over the world at present there are still many countries continued in this experiment ,and many countries issued the relevant laws and regulations .
The current American president Obama by executive order in 2009 has released the &ldquo ;federal funding can only support has been in existence for embryonic stem cell research &rdquo ;restrictions ,the United States National Institutes of health was also introduced the norms of embryonic stem cell research .
China in 2004 by the Ministry of science and technology and the Ministry of Health jointly issued 12 human embryonic stem cell research ethics guidelines ,which explicitly prohibits human reproductive cloning ,air jordan,ban human embryo research for more than 14 days ,will be prohibited on embryo implantation and other animal reproductive system ,ban human reproductive cells and germ cells of other species with etc.
.However ,we need to agree on is ,the birth of new scientific achievements ,need to bold innovation ,also needs a serious attitude .British Open animal embryo laboratory claims ,they have been strictly abide by the human fertilization and Embryology bill provisions, will only be offered for experimental human-animal embryos 14 days survival .
Just the strict supervision is still a big problem .Only a handful of countries such as Britain have like HFEA specialized management agencies and specialized supervision law .Even in the United States ,embryo research is not in a transparent way get regulation ,more countries by scientists of self-discipline .
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If the head feeding pigs foul not obedient ,she would use a Miao light growl, up in the hands of the iron ladle is made to make pig looks like ,not obedient pig body twinkle ,avoid ,to eat the food come in quietly .
