Cyst epididymis, or sperm granuloma, is a condition in which a cyst has grown in the epididymis (part of the spermatic duct system), resulting in swelling of the duct or ducts. A spermatocele, meanwhile, is a cyst in the ducts or epididymis that conduct sperm, and is usually associated with a blockage. When sperm escape from these ducts into the surrounding tissue, chronic inflammation occurs. This becomes clinically important when bilateral (both sides) obstruction of the duct system leads to no live sperm in the seminal fluid.
It is suspected in cats that have no live sperm yet have normal-sized testes. In addition, it is rarely associated with pain or visible or palpable lesions.
In making a determination about why your cat’s sperm is deficient, your veterinarian will look at several possibilities, such a testicular degeneration, underdevelopment of the organs, insufficient ejaculation, and incomplete ejaculation. A physical examination will be conducted to look for pain or lesions in the reproductive organs. A urinalysis and possibly a blood test will also be standard for laboratory analysis. It may also be necessary to conduct a surgical testicular biopsy and a biopsy of affected the epididymal tissue to differentiate a benign from a malignant mass.
Cats with insufficient sperm counts rarely spontaneously recover. A bilateral blockage of the epididymis is generally not treatable except by surgical intervention.
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